Benign Neoplasm Of Breast

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Diagnostics Free Full Text Classification Of Benign And

Breast neoplasms | Radiology Reference Article

Breast neoplasms consist of a wide spectrum of pathologies from benign proliferations, high risk lesions, precursor lesions, to invasive malignancies.​ This article provides an overview for radiologists, with a focus on breast cancer. For a summary article for medical students and nonradiologists, see breast cancer (summary).

Breast cancer is the most common nonskin malignancy in women. In the affluent populations of North America, Europe, and Australia, 6% of women develop invasive breast cancer before age 75, compared to a 2% risk in developing regions of Africa and Asia 8. The difference has been attributed to risks associated with a Westernized lifestyle, including high calorie diet rich in fat and protein and physical inactivity 8.

The main pathological classification of breast neoplasms is published by the World Health Organization: WHO classification of tumors of the breast.

The vast majority of breast cancers are adenocarcinomas (99%). The most common types are 8:

Categories of benign epithelial neoplasms include: 

Nonepithelial malignancies are uncommon and include:

Three molecular biomarkers are routinely evaluated in invasive breast cancers because they have therapeutic implications:

  • estrogen receptor (ER)
  • progesterone receptor (PR)
  • human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; protooncogene Neu; receptor tyrosine protein kinase erbB-2)

Staging of breast tumors is performed according to the TNM system published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC): breast cancer (staging).

Dedicated evaluation of the breast involves multiple imaging modalities to detect and localize lesions for biopsy. In all modalities, regional metastasis can be suspected by the presence of axillary adenopathy.

Neoplasms have varied appearances, including masses, asymmetries, calcifications, or architectural distortions. 

Neoplasms can appear as masses or architectural distortions. Calcifications can sometimes be seen.

Neoplasms can manifest as masses with or without enhancement, nonmass enhancement, or foci of enhancement.

Breast masses may be incidentally identified but CT is not the preferred modality for dedicated breast evaluation. If calcifications are visualized on CT, they are nearly all benign 9.

The use of a standard lexicon is recommended to enhance communication with referrers and audit performance: breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS).

  • 1. Muttarak M, Lerttumnongtum P, Chaiwun B et-al. Spectrum of papillary lesions of the breast: clinical, imaging, and pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191 (3): 700-7. doi:10.2214/AJR.07.3483 - Pubmed citation
  • 2. Kalisher L, Rickert RR, Sharo RJ. Solitary peripheral papilloma of the breast: a radiologic-pathologic correlation of a benign lesion that may mimic breast cancer on mammography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;171 (3): 605-9. AJR Am J Roentgenol (abstract) - Pubmed citation
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  • 5. Erguvan-dogan B, Dempsey PJ, Ayyar G et-al. Primary desmoid tumor (extraabdominal fibromatosis) of the breast. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;185 (2): 488-9. AJR Am J Roentgenol (full text) - Pubmed citation
  • 6. Elson BC, Ikeda DM, Andersson I et-al. Fibrosarcoma of the breast: mammographic findings in five cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992;158 (5): 993-5. AJR Am J Roentgenol (abstract) - Pubmed citation
  • 7. Paredes ES. Atlas of mammography. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2007) ISBN:0781764335. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
  • 8. Sunil R. Lakhani, International Agency for Research on Cancer. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Breast. (2019) ISBN: 9789283224334
  • 9. Harish MG, Konda SD, MacMahon H, Newstead GM. Breast lesions incidentally detected with CT: what the general radiologist needs to know. (2007) Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 27 Suppl 1: S37-51. doi:10.1148/rg.27si075510 - Pubmed

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