Contextual Teaching And Learning

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Overview of Contextual Teaching and Learning

Many students have a difficult time understanding academic concepts (such as math concepts) as they are commonly taught (that is, using an abstract, lecture method), but they desperately need to understand the concepts as they relate to the workplace and to the larger society in which they will live and work. Traditionally, students have been expected to make these connections on their own, outside the classroom.

However, growing numbers of teachers today are discovering that most students’ interest and achievement in math, science, and language improve dramatically when they are helped to make connections between new knowledge and experiences they have had, or with other knowledge they have already mastered. Students’ engagement in their schoolwork increases significantly when they are taught why they are learning the concepts and how those concepts can be used in real-world contexts.

Contextualized learning is a proven concept that incorporates the most recent research in cognitive science. It is also a reaction to the essentially behaviorist theories that have dominated American education for many decades. The contextual approach recognizes that learning is a complex and multifaceted process that goes far beyond drill-oriented, stimulus-and-response methodologies.

According to contextual learning theory, learning occurs only when students process new information or knowledge in such a way that it makes sense to them in their own frames of reference (their own inner worlds of memory, experience, and response). The mind naturally seeks meaning in context by searching for relationships that make sense and appear useful.

Building upon this understanding, contextual learning theory focuses on the multiple aspects of any learning environment, whether a classroom, a laboratory, a computer lab, or a worksite. It encourages educators to choose and/or design learning environments that incorporate many different forms of experience in working toward the desired learning outcomes. In such an environment, students discover meaningful relationships between abstract ideas and practical applications in the context of the real world; concepts are internalized through the process of discovering, reinforcing, and relating.

Are You Teaching Contextually?

Take this self-test and see. These standards appear to some degree in almost all texts. But contextualized instruction is rich in all nine standards:

Are new concepts presented in real-life (outside the classroom) situations and experiences that are familiar to the student?
Are concepts in examples and student exercises presented in the context of their use?
Are new concepts presented in the context of what the student already knows?
Do examples and student exercises include many real, believable problem-solving situations?
Do examples and student exercises cultivate an attitude that says, “I need to learn this”?
Do students gather and analyze their own data as they are guided in the discovery of important concepts?
Are opportunities presented for students to gather and analyze their own data for enrichment and extension?
Do lessons and activities encourage students to apply concepts and information in useful contexts, projecting students into imagined futures (e.g., possible careers) and unfamiliar locations (e.g., workplaces)?
Are students expected to participate regularly in interactive groups where sharing, communicating, and responding to the important concepts and decision-making occur?